Fictitious disorder, also known as factitious disorder, is a psychological condition characterized by the deliberate production or feigning of physical or psychological symptoms in oneself. Individuals with this disorder intentionally create or exaggerate symptoms in order to assume the role of a sick person. They may seek medical attention, undergo unnecessary tests or procedures, or even fake medical records to maintain the façade of illness.
The motivation behind fictitious disorder is often to gain sympathy, attention, or a sense of importance. People with this disorder may have a deep-seated need to be cared for or to be seen as special and unique. They may have experienced neglect or rejection in their past, leading them to seek validation through the pretense of illness.
Fictitious disorder can be difficult to diagnose as individuals with this condition are skilled at deceiving healthcare professionals. However, with careful evaluation, doctors can identify inconsistencies in the symptoms reported or observed, as well as discrepancies in medical records. Psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy, is often the main treatment approach for fictitious disorder, aimed at addressing underlying psychological issues and modifying maladaptive behaviors.
It is crucial to distinguish fictitious disorder from genuine medical conditions, as the unnecessary medical interventions and costs can be detrimental to the individual’s health and the healthcare system as a whole.